Magnetic liquid heater



March 18, 1930.

R. R. GOSHORN MAGNETIG LIQUID HEATER Filed March 2.4, 1928 ,MCA

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i Patented fda '.RBERT R. GOSHRN, ESONVILLE, NDIANA, ASSGNR. T@ TEE ALL-WAYS-HQT C0., OF JASONVL'LE, NBA'ii 'MAGNETIC LIC-AUX@ ELEILEESJ .application led March 24, 192. Serial No. 26E-,502.

The present invention relates to electric or magnetic heaters of the type used for providing hot water for domestic purposes as well as for space heating in houses, apartments,

etc. rlhe invention is concerned more especially with improvements in connection with the heater disclosed in my copending application #213,355, filed August 16, 1927, and entitled Magnetic liquid heater.

One of the objects of the invention resides -in so `constructing the apparatus and the piping immediately associated therewith as to eliminate dissipation of heat through spontaneous circulation of water exteriorly of the heater.

Another object of the invention consists in simplifying .the construction of the previously disclosed heater with a consequent reduction in the initial cost thereof without sacrificing its eciency or durability.

A furtherY object of the invention resides in the use of a connection panel by means of which the primary coil of the transformer may be selectively tapped at diierent points so as to obtain the voltage and wattage most advantageous for the work to be done.

A still further object of the invention is found in the use of a fuse cartridge containing a metal of low melting point in contact with the secondary winding of the transformer4 and in the primary circuit to avoid overheating of the apparatus.

@ther objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings; in which Figure 1 is a vertical section through the improved water heater.v j g Figure 2 is a horizontal section taken on line 2-2 of Figure 1; and

Figure 3 is a side elevation of a conventional type of a radiator with the present improvements installed therein; parts being broken away so as to show the interior construction. Y

Referring to the drawing more specically the numeral 1 indicates the main body of the heater which is suitably mounted on any desired type of base or pedestal 2. The heater is preferably composed of inner and outer met-al jackets 3 and e spaced apart so as to receive the heat insulating material 5; and within the interior of the jacket 3 is a partition 6 which is preferably arched upwardly and serves to provide an upper tank compartment Z and a lower compartment 8 for the reception of the heating unit which is generally indicated by the numeral .9.

The receptacle comprising the inner and outer jackets 3 and 4 and the heat insulating material 5 rest upon a base 10 which is of a diameter substantially the sam'e as the diameter of the outer jacket l .thereby forming a support for both of these jackets as well as for the heat insulating material jwhicb is placed within the annular space between these jackets.

rThe heating unit 9 consists of a transformer which is secured to the base 10 by means of any suitable clips or fastening means 11. The core of the transformer consists of a closed laminated iron core 12 around which is placed the primary coils or windings 13. The secondary winding ofthe transformer is in the form of pipe coils 14 which have their terminals 15 and 16 provided with conventional pipe unions 17 and 18. Preferably the turns of these coils are provided with an insulating covering- 14, such as cotton water hose. 1t will be noted that the primary coils 10` contain a great many turns of comparatively small high resistance wiring, while the secondary coils 14 are each composed of few turns of heavy low resistance tubing. nihis gives a high transformation ratio so that when alternating current at approximately 110 volts is supplied to the primary coils a very heavy current will flow in the low resistance secondary and will generate heat and raise the temperature within the tubing.

The bottom of the tank 7 is provided with an opening surrounded by a threaded boss 19 and in which is threaded a metalsleeve 2O f 2 maceta from the inner wall of the sleeve 20 and is While'tlie tube 24 is shown as extending bethus entirely out of contact vwith any porlow the base 10 of the apparatus, it will be tion of the tank. Within this space an annuobvious `that to produce the desired heat seal lar packing of heat insulating material may it is only necessary that the tube 'extend below 5 b'e inserted it desired. To provide for the the partition 6 which forms the bottom of the 7@ secondary circuit, however, the upper end of liquid tank 7. the tube 2l is welded or otherwise'intiinatelyrlhis heat seal is also provided in the conconnected with the upper end ot the sleeve 20. duit which carries cold water into the tankto A short pipe or tube 22 is threaded into the be heated. This conduit comprises a tube i bottom of the tank 7'by means of a boss 23 26 which extends from a point adjacent the 75 and is connected with the second terminal bottom of the tank 7 upwardly through the of the pipe coils le by means of the union 18. top thereof where it is connected by elbows It will thus be observed that a closed cir- 27 ywith the downwardly extending conduit cuit is provided for, the. secondary winding; 28 which also passes through the heat insu i5. the current induced in the coils 14 flowing lating material 5 to a point` below the base so from terminal l upwardly through the tube 10 where it is connected to the main system 2l, downwardly through the sleeve 2() to the of piping29. This arrangement also prevents bottom of the tank 7 and thence through the a spontaneous circulation of liquid due to the tank to the tube 22 and the coil terminal i6. fact that any heated liquid rising in the pipe 2o l will now describe that feature of the 26 Will he halted in the upper end of the 85 construction by which a'heat seal is provided pipe and While it is possible that a slight cire0 as te eliminate the dissipation of heat from culation of the liquid may occur within the the tank by means of a spontaneous circulapipe SeCtiOn 26 it Will not Cause any loss 'of tion of the water. It is, of course, a well h ei WhateVeI, inasmuch aS--this pipe iS en known principle that heated liquids are lightilely Situated Within the mnh/"iiSelf- 90 er than cool liquids and will rise to the surface FIOIH the hOVG deSCIiRtiOn 0f the SGC- of any receptacle such as a tank or tube in Olidfily Circuit and the @Onduii Systems it which relatively hot and @01d liquids are will be apparent that the cool water entering contained. t will be obvious, therefore, that the tube 22 iS gradually heated aS it 'passes 30 if pipe 'er other conduit be attached at through the coils 14;, the temperature thereof 95 or near the top cfa compartment containing mCIeSlDg as the' Water passes upwardly heated liquid and extends upwardly therethrough the tube 2l due to the fact that it has from, such heated liquids will naturally rise hee? longest GXPOSS. t0 the heat Within th@ to the top of the pipe giving 0a their heat to! tubing. The annular epace between the tubev the S1yroundingann()Sphere.v becoming thereand SleffVG also Serves aS an llIlSlllallOIl 100 by :oder and descending within the pipe as for tiles? Parts- Futhemoei the fact that hotter liquids continue to rise to the surface. heumaxlmun temperature 0f the Water S not This action will naturally create a circureached will the Water Teaches a Point adla' lation of the water within the pipe and there- Celli? the l30P 0f the mm1? 7i PfeVe-IIS Serious 40 by greatly reduce the eiciency of any heater defects and loss of eliciency in the heating 105 thus constructed, because of this waste of mit du@ t0 the fact that th P'imaly Windiieat ings are not undulyV heated and also the fact To avoid this objectionable feature iii iiq.` that the use of heat insulating material about uid heaters l have providedwhat l 'term a these Pats 1S rendered unnecessary i heat seal and which comprises a tube 24 which To ,automatically .Contr 01 the @mp@Failure 112 communicates with the upper end of the tank t0 which the Water 111. the tank 'i 1S mlsedi l 7 and extends downwardly through the heat have PIOVided @thermostat which COmPISQS insulating materialtoapoint slightly below a tube 3.0 PI'OVlded Wllthan enlarged lower the base 10. Connected to the lower end of and 31 fol' the recept'on 0f ether 01 other i this tube 24 is a conduit 25 which willextend Voltaile il'd- This thefmostai S fully d S' 115 v'to the point ai which uit hoi liquid is i0- be closed in my CO-Pendmgapphcetion, Seuil used and may either @mend downwardly, up- Np 235,980, filed November 26, 1927, and it Wai-diy, (min a horizontal iii-eetieii, es 0c'- will sufice to say here that the end of the casion may warrant. In such a construction pocket 31 ofthe thermostat is located within i .it will be apparent that a spontaneous cirthe tank at a point'intermediate the upper 120 'culation of the heated liquid within the tube and lower ends thereof. The purpose O f sc 24 is eliminated due to the fact that the tube locating the thermostat being to permit it to communicates with the upper end of the tank be influenced by the mean temperature of the 7 and` .then extends downwardly. Any hot liquid W ithin-the tank rather than bythe hotwater passing into the tube 24 at the upper ter liquid at the top of the tank or the rela- 125 end of the tank'7 will remain in the upper tively cold liquid at the bottom of the'tank, end ofthe tube 24 andcannot causea crculathus tending to maintain the liquid in the tion of the duid, except, of course, when the tank at a more nearly even temperature. faucet :or other dispensing means is vturned The pipe coils 14 are provided with a drain c5 on. to. withdraw: hquid'oni the heater? connection 321:0 which is attached adraiu E30 vertically downwardly and are without bends so as to permit a free drainage of the iiuid and thereby permit the ready removal ofv any sediment or other material which may be within the coils.

It is desirable that the present apparatus be so constructed as to permit its operation over a wide range of voltage and wattage, and for this purpose l have provided a control panel 34. This panel carries a plurality of terminals .35 tapped to the primary windings at a variety of points, and for cooperation with these terminals l have provided a cross bar 36. lt will thus be apparent that by placing the bar 36 across the proper pair of terminals 35 the desired amount of voltage and wattage may be readily selected. lt is also desirable to protect the apparatus from overheating and to this end I provide a fuse 37 which is electrically connected in the primary circuit and is in physical contact with the secondary circuit. This fuse 37 comprises a cartridge containing a metal of low melting point which will promptly break the primary circuit as soon as the temperature of the metal I is raised above its melting point.

To permit adjustments of the bar 36 to procure the proper 'amount of current the body of the apparatus is provided with a door 38 hinged at 39 and provided with a latch 40.

In assembling the device as disclosed in Figures 1 and 2 the heating unit 9 is first secured to the base plate 10 and the jackets 3, 4 andheat insulating material 5 then slipped over the heating unit and secured to the base 10 in any manner desired. The unions 17 and 18 are then connected to the pipes or tubes 21 and 22 and connections made to the mains 25 and 29. The apparatus is then ready for use, it being assumed that the primary of the transformer -is connected up with the house circuit. By placing the inlet and outlet tubes 28 and 24 within the heat insulating material 5 and extending them downwardly in the manner shown it will be apparent that I have provided a positive gravity heat seal which is so constructed that it would be impossible vfor anyone to install the heater in such a way as to permit a spontaneous circulation of liquid within the tubing with a consequent dissipation or loss of heat.

In the operation of the device Water in the main pipe lines of thev city is conveyed to the bottom of the tank through the pipes 29, 28, 27 and 26 automatically as heated water is withdrawn from the tank by means of the pipes 24 and 25. As this cold Water leads into the tank and lowers the temperature adjacent the thermostat 31 the thermostat will operate a switch (not shown) to .Close the circuit through the primary coils 13 thus supplying secondary current to the pipe coils 14 and tube 21 as hereinbefore described. The secondary current, of course, will gradually heat the water as it descends through the pipe terminal 16 and around the coils 14 and up through the terminal 15. The water passing upwardly through rthe terminal 15 will have a temperature of about 100o to 120o F. and the maximum temperature of 170 F. or other temperature to which the thermostat is adjusted, will not be attained until the water reaches the upper end of the tube 21.

lt will thus be seen that the hottest water is at the upper end of the tank while the relatively cold water is 'at the lower end of the tank. This gradual heating of the water as it passes upwardly through the tube 21 gives rise to convection currents within the tank 2 and thus tends to cause the water therein to intermingle so as to produce an even temperature. Furthermore, the fact that the maximum temperature is created within the tube 21 has not only the advantage of avoiding undue heating of the primary coils and avoiding the use of heat insulation material about these parts, but also limits the deposit of lime to the tube 21 rather than tp the coil 14. This is of paramount importance in that the tube 21 may be readily'scaled or cleaned by merely disconnecting the union l5, whereas cleaning ofthe pipe coils 14, if not entirely impossible, would at least require that the entire apparatus be dismounted and overhauled.

In the nio'diiied form of the construction shown in Figure 3 the heating unit, as heretobefore described, is shown in combination with a radiator such as employed in heating houses, apartments, and the like. In this embodiment` of the invention the first few sections of the radiator 50 are shown as divided o so as to provide a compartment 51 l for the heating unit which comprises the transformer 9 including the laminated core 12, primary Winding 13, pipe coils 14, and coil terminals 15 and 16, as hereinbefore referred to. The coil terminals 15 and 16 are connected by unions 17 and 18 to the tube 21 which is mounted within one of the radiator sections by means of the sleeve 20 and to a threaded boss 52 on the radiator. Any number of sections may be added to t-he radiator 50 and, of course, pipes may be connected to the top and bottom of the radiator and carried through a building to be attached 'to other radiators which will be heated lio ' i -taneous circulation of the duid; that ed including a pipecoil on the exterior of the radiator in such posi-` tion'as to be readily accessible for opening y@ or closing'the circuit through the primary windings.

In this alternate form of construction all of the novel features of the form disclosed in Figures 1 and 2 are employed with the exception of the heat seal and the thermostat; it being apparent,y of course, that a heat seal is not necessary or desirable where the device is to be used for space heating, but it will be understood that any conventional type of thermostat may he readily associated with embodiment of the invention.

From the fore oing description taken in connect-ion with the accompanying drawings it will be noted that l have devised a simple and inexpensive type of electric heater of a unitary construction; that the arts of the apparatus arel all entirely inclose within and form a pa rt of the tank or radiator construction; that a positive gravity heat sealis provided which eliminates loss of heat by sponarts which much necessarily be heat insulated are so insulated at'the time and place of construction of the apparatus; that the device is so designed a's to' cause a free circulation of water or other liquid within the tank or the radiator; that the deposit of lime is confined to such parts of the apparatus as may he readily removed and cleaned; that the parts are soconstructed as to-readily adapt the a paratus tov use with any alternating electric current and over a widely varying range of voltage; that by reason of the unions 17 and 18 the heating unit may be readily disconnected from other parts of the apparatus for cleaning purposes or for repair; and that the entire apparatus is conveniently adapted for the employment of a thermostatic control. In accordance with the patent statutes li have disclosed 'herein two of the preferred 'embodiments of the present invention, but itis to be understood that these disclosures are intended as illustrative of the invention rather than in4 any limiting sense, and as various minor changes and modifications may be made-within the disclosed structures without. departing from the spirit of the invention, i aim -to' include all suchchangee and modi'cations within the scope of the appended claims. t What l claim as new and desire to secure hy- Lettersliatent is: 1 f I L in a water heater, a tank, a transformer ce thesecendary winds the construction, as disclosed in this secondy menace said fuse being in contact with the pipe coil. 4

3. in a water heater, a tank, a transformer including a primary winding, a pipe coil as the secondary winding, a control panel, means associated with said panel for tapping the primary winding at various points, a fuse mounted on said panel in the primary circuit, said fuse being in contact with the pipe coil.

HUBERT llt., GOSHORN.

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